Guida DNS
VERDE = sempre presente • ARANCIONE = manca solo su installazioni ultra-minimal
| Comando | Record | Descrizione | Esempio | Output tipico | Disponibilità |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DIG – Il più potente e usato (apt install dnsutils • dnf install bind-utils) | |||||
dig dominio.it | A | IPv4 | dig google.it | 142.250.180.35 | 99% |
dig AAAA dominio.it | AAAA | IPv6 | dig AAAA google.it | 2a00:1450:4002... | 99% |
dig MX dominio.it | MX | Mail server | dig MX tesla.com | 10 alt1.aspmx.l.google.com | 99% |
dig NS dominio.it | NS | Nameserver | dig NS github.com | ns-170.awsdns-21.com | 99% |
dig TXT dominio.it | TXT | SPF/DKIM/DMARC | dig TXT _dmarc.microsoft.com | v=DMARC1; p=reject... | 99% |
dig CNAME nome | CNAME | Alias | dig CNAME www.apple.com | www.apple.com.akadns.net | 99% |
dig -x 8.8.8.8 | PTR | Reverse DNS | dig -x 1.1.1.1 | one.one.one.one | 99% |
dig +short MX dominio | — | Output pulito | dig +short MX google.it | 10 smtp.google.com | 99% |
dig +trace dominio.it | — | Dalla root in giù | dig +trace google.it | Tutto il percorso | 99% |
| HOST – Sempre presente su ogni Linux (anche container/Alpine) | |||||
host dominio.it | A | IPv4 + IPv6 rapido | host google.it | has address 142.250... | 100% |
host -t AAAA dominio.it | AAAA | IPv6 | host -t AAAA google.it | has IPv6 address... | 100% |
host -t MX dominio.it | MX | Mail exchanger | host -t MX amazon.it | mail is handled by 10... | 100% |
host -t NS dominio.it | NS | Nameserver | host -t NS github.com | has nameserver ns-170... | 100% |
host -t TXT dominio.it | TXT | Record testuali | host -t TXT google.it | has TXT "v=spf1... | 100% |
host -t CNAME nome | CNAME | Alias | host -t CNAME www.microsoft.com | is an alias for... | 100% |
host 8.8.8.8 | PTR | Reverse DNS | host 1.1.1.1 | is one.one.one.one | 100% |
host -t SOA dominio.it | SOA | Start of Authority | host -t SOA tesla.com | primary name server = ns1... | 100% |
host -t SRV _servizio._proto.dominio | SRV | Servizi | host -t SRV _xmpp-server._tcp.google.com | priority weight port target | 100% |
host -t CAA dominio.it | CAA | Certificate Authority | host -t CAA letsencrypt.org | issue "letsencrypt.org" | 100% |
host -a dominio.it | ANY | Tutti i record disponibili | host -a google.it | Mostra quasi tutto | 100% |
| NSLOOKUP – Sempre presente su ogni Linux | |||||
nslookup dominio.it | A | IPv4 base | nslookup google.it | Address: 142.250... | 100% |
nslookup -type=AAAA dominio.it | AAAA | IPv6 | nslookup -type=AAAA google.it | Address: 2a00:1450... | 100% |
nslookup -type=MX dominio.it | MX | Mail exchanger | nslookup -type=MX tesla.com | preference = 10... | 100% |
nslookup -type=TXT dominio.it | TXT | Testo | nslookup -type=TXT _dmarc.microsoft.com | text = "v=DMARC1... | 100% |
nslookup -type=CNAME nome | CNAME | Alias | nslookup -type=CNAME www.apple.com | canonical name = ... | 100% |
nslookup 8.8.8.8 | PTR | Reverse DNS | nslookup 1.1.1.1 | name = one.one.one.one | 100% |
nslookup -type=SOA dominio.it | SOA | Start of Authority | nslookup -type=SOA github.com | origin = ns-170... | 100% |
nslookup -type=ANY dominio.it | ANY | Tutto il possibile | nslookup -type=ANY google.it | Mostra tutti i record | 100% |
| Altri sempre presenti | |||||
getent hosts dominio.it | A | Risoluzione NSS | getent hosts localhost | 127.0.0.1 localhost | 100% |
whois dominio.it | — | Info registro | whois nike.com | Registrar, scadenza... | 95%+ |
ping -c1 dominio.it | A | Test veloce | ping -c1 google.it | PING google.it (142...) | 100% |